![]() ![]() Unlike modern printed editions which can be mass-produced by computer typesetting, every word, every letter and every dot in the Leningrad Codex was carefully copied by hand by the scribe, Samuel ben Jacob. ![]() In fact, the Leningrad Codex is so reliable that, as noted above, most modern printed Hebrew Old Testaments take it as the official "Hebrew Massoretic Text" which they use, and it is the Hebrew text from which nearly all modern translations have been translated.Ĭonsider just how amazing and incredible the Leningrad Codex is. Nevertheless, comparing the Leningrad Codex to modern Hebrew Old Testaments proves how accurately God’s Word has been preserved. Thus, the main "claim to fame" of the Leningrad Codex is that it is the oldest complete Hebrew Bible. Other better quality manuscripts of the Hebrew Bible are also available, such as the Lisbon Bible. Although carefully hand-written, it was corrected against the Aleppo Codex - and the Aleppo Codex remains the best quality manuscript exemplar. ![]() However, the Leningrad Codex, although complete, is not the best quality Hebrew manuscript. Modern Bible software such as BibleWorks, Accordance and Logos all have electronic editions of the Leningrad Codex based on the text created by the Westminster Theological Seminary, and referred to as the Michigan-Claremont-Westminster Electronic Hebrew Bible. For instance, BHS (Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia), BHQ (Biblia Hebraica Quinta) and BHL (Biblia Hebraica Leningradensia) are all based on the Leningrad Codex. Thus, at about the time the Crusaders were starting to march from Europe on their way to conquer the Holy Land, Hebrew Bible editions such as the Leningrad Codex were in use by Jews across the Middle East.īecause the Leningrad Codex is the oldest intact, complete, edition of the Hebrew Bible, it is frequently used as the basis for modern editions of the Hebrew Bible. and this date is confirmed by its colophon as well as internal and external evidence. The Leningrad Codex (also called Codex Leningradensis) is the oldest complete edition of the Hebrew Bible (the Old Testament in Hebrew) in existence. ![]()
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